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Exposed internal structure of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic rock in the eroded Broken Top stratovolcano in Oregon. A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava and tephra. [1] Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes are characterized by a steep profile ...
Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms. They are built by ejecta from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption. Types of volcanic cones include stratocones ...
In geology, a bed is a layer of sediment, sedimentary rock, or volcanic rock "bounded above and below by more or less well-defined bedding surfaces". [1] Specifically in sedimentology, a bed can be defined in one of two major ways. [2] First, Campbell [3] and Reineck and Singh [4] use the term bed to refer to a thickness-independent layer ...
Cinder cone. A cinder cone (or scoria cone[1]) is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic clinkers, volcanic ash, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. [2][3] The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.
Kelimutu, Flores, Indonesia. A complex volcano, also called a compound volcano or a volcanic complex, is a mixed landform consisting of related volcanic centers and their associated lava flows and pyroclastic rock. [1] They may form due to changes in eruptive habit or in the location of the principal vent area on a particular volcano. [2]
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. The process that forms volcanoes is called volcanism. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and because most of Earth ...
Vulcanian eruption. A Vulcanian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption characterized by a dense cloud of ash-laden gas exploding from the crater and rising high above the peak. They usually commence with phreatomagmatic eruptions which can be extremely noisy due to the rising magma heating water in the ground.
VEI. 5. Impact. Buried the Roman settlements of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Oplontis, and Stabiae. Deaths. 1,500–3,500, possibly up to 16,000 [1][note 1] Of the many eruptions of Mount Vesuvius, a major stratovolcano in Southern Italy, the best-known is its eruption in 79 AD, [2][3] which was one of the deadliest in history.