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Other attributes commonly used include: coherence, azimuth, dip, instantaneous amplitude, response amplitude, response phase, instantaneous bandwidth, AVO, and spectral decomposition. A seismic attribute that can indicate the presence or absence of hydrocarbons is known as a direct hydrocarbon indicator.
Generic Mapping Tools [16] Map generation and analysis Lamont–Doherty and University of Hawaii: GPL: Cross-platform: C: Implemented in OpendTect GPlates [17] Interactive visualization of plate tectonics University of Sydney, Caltech, NGU: GPL: Cross-platform: C++, Python: Implements GPML: OpenStereo [18] [19] Geoscience plotting tool
Quantitative seismic attribute analysis of amplitude versus offset effects is complicated by anelastic attenuation because it is superimposed upon the AVO effects. [3] The rate of anelastic attenuation itself also contains additional information about the lithology and reservoir conditions such as porosity , saturation and pore pressure so it ...
Seismic attribute analysis involves extracting or deriving a quantity from seismic data that can be analysed in order to enhance information that might be more subtle in a traditional seismic image, leading to a better geological or geophysical interpretation of the data. [50]
The seismic data is then carefully processed to preserve seismic amplitudes and accurately determine the spatial coordinates of each sample. This allows a geophysicist to construct a group of traces with a range of offsets that all sample the same subsurface location in order to perform AVO analysis.
The seismic survey design software can be used to design seismic survey in offshore, onshore, subsurface coverage analysis for 3D/3C [5] and Vertical seismic profile surveys. Also survey cost analysis, project tracking, crew production statistics can be managed. Other modelling studies such as ray tracing and illumination analysis can also be ...
In seismology, a seismic trace is the recorded curve from a single seismograph when measuring ground movement. The name comes from the curve plotted by a seismograph as the paper roll rotated and the needle left a trace from which information about the subsurface could be extracted. Today's instruments record the data digitally and the word ...
Seismic data is band-limited, reducing resolution and quality. To extend the frequency band available, low-frequency data is derived from log data, pre-stack depth or time migrated velocities and/or a regional gradient. [5] High frequency can be derived from well control or geostatistical analysis.