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The aortic arches or pharyngeal arch arteries (previously referred to as branchial arches in human embryos) are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to the great arteries of the neck and head. They are ventral to the dorsal aorta and arise from the aortic sac.
The aortic arch is the connection between the ascending and descending aorta, and its central part is formed by the left 4th aortic arch during early development. [12] The ductus arteriosus connects to the lower part of the arch in foetal life. This allows blood from the right ventricle to mostly bypass the pulmonary vessels as they develop.
To function in gas exchange, lungs require a blood supply. In cartilaginous fishes and teleosts, the heart lies low in the body and pumps blood forward through the ventral aorta, which splits up in a series of paired aortic arches, each corresponding to a gill arch. [21] The aortic arches then merge above the gills to form a dorsal aorta ...
2 Aortic arch. Toggle Aortic arch subsection. 2.1 brachiocephalic artery. 2.2 left common carotid artery (directly from arch of aorta on left mostly)
Cells found in the fourth aortic arch differentiates to form the distal aortic arch and right subclavian artery, whilst cells in the sixth aortic arch develops into the pulmonary arteries. Cardiac neural crest cells express Hox genes that supports the development of arteries 3, 4 and 6 and the simultaneous regression of arteries 1 and 2.
Aortic arch: Brachiocephalic a: R common carotid a: R subclavian a: L common carotid a: Internal carotid a: External carotid a: L subclavian a: Vertebral artery: Int. thoracic a: Thyrocervical trunk: Costocervical trunk: Dorsal scapular artery (mostly) Descending aorta : Bronchial as: Abdominal aorta: Celiac a: L gastric a: Common hepatic a ...
The aortic sac is the embryological precursor of the proximal portion of the aortic arch. It is chronologically the first portion of the aorta to form, and appears as a dilation superior to the truncus arteriosus. Between the two horns of aortic sac, right horn gives rise to the brachiocephalic artery.
Most are located above the aortic arch, [2] while some are located on the posterior side of the aortic arch between it and the pulmonary artery below. [3] They consist of glomus cells and sustentacular cells. [1] Some sources equate the "aortic bodies" and "paraaortic bodies", while other sources explicitly distinguish between the two.