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Map showing the empire of the Senussi order in 1297 Hijri, 1880 Gregorian. The Senusiyya, Senussi or Sanusi (Arabic: السنوسية, romanized: as-Sanūssiyya) are a Muslim political-religious Sufi order and clan in Libya and surrounding regions founded in Mecca in 1837 by the Grand Sanussi (Arabic: السنوسي الكبير as-Sanūssiyy al-Kabīr), the Algerian Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi.
The Senussi campaign took place in North Africa from November 1915 to February 1917, during the First World War. The campaign was fought by the Kingdom of Italy and the British Empire against the Senussi, a religious order of Arabic nomads in Libya and Egypt. The Senussi were courted by the Ottoman Empire and the German Empire.
The Senussi raised 5,000 infantry and other irregular troops, equipped with Turkish artillery and machine-guns, for campaigns along the coast. An offensive led to attacks on Sollum , Mersa Matruh and Da'aba on the way to Alexandria and from Siwa through the band of oases of Bahariya , Farafra , Dakhla and Kharga 100 mi (160 km) west of the Nile.
The Second Italo-Senussi War, also referred to as the Pacification of Libya, was a conflict that occurred during the Italian colonization of Libya between Italian military forces (composed mainly by colonial troops from Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia) [4] and indigenous rebels associated with the Senussi Order.
The colonel left Mizda on April 3 with a force of 1,400 men, half of whom were irregular forces, to attack the Senussi force of 400 men who were stationed in Wadi Taqja, between Quntrar and Oulad Abi Said, in order to face the Italians. On April 6, 1915, the Italians had reached Wadi Marsit and sent a vanguard for scouting to spot the Senussis. [1]
Due to underestimating the Senussi numbers, the Italians lost 6 officers and 340 lives. [ 3 ] This defeat shook the center and prestige of the Italians and prompted Governor Attilio Teruzzi to initiate several military and political measures in an attempt to strike the resistance movement.
The British returned to Matruh until 25 December and then made a night advance to surprise the Senussi. At the Affair of Wadi Majid, the Senussi were defeated but were able to withdraw to the west. [15] Air reconnaissance found more Senussi encampments in the vicinity of Matruh at Halazin, which was attacked on 23 January, in the Affair of Halazin.
The Senussi dynasty (Arabic: سنوسية) — an Arab Muslim political-religious Sufi order in Libya and Northern Sudanese regions. Established in 1837 in Mecca , to address both the decline of Islamic thought and spirituality , and the weakening of Muslim political integrity from European colonialism in North Africa .