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However, New England was the site of the development of preprinted designs on burlap, indicating a shift in the status of rug hooking, at least for some. While preprinted embroidery patterns had long existed, it was Philena Moxley of Lowell, Massachusetts who first developed a business stamping embroidery and rug hooking designs about 1868-1871.
These sheep were well-suited to the climate in Navajo lands, and that produced a useful long-staple wool. [19] Hand-spun wool from these animals was the main source of yarn for Navajo blankets until the 1860s, when the United States government forced the Navajo people to relocate at Bosque Redondo and seized their livestock.
Navajo rugs are woven by Navajo women today from Navajo-Churro sheep, other breeds of sheep, or commercial wool. Designs can be pictorial or abstract, based on historic Navajo, Spanish, Asian, or Persian designs. 20th century Navajo weavers include Clara Sherman and Hosteen Klah, who co-founded the Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian.
Embroidered bed rugs are an original American art form, one that was not commercial, but rather produced entirely in a household, from the woven fabric to the prepared sheep wool, spun and dyed, and then the design and stitching of the rug. [1]: 8–9 They served as a testament to the needlework abilities of the lady of the house. [9]: 149
[2] [4] Ryas are a knotted pile carpet, with each knot composed of three strands of wool, which enables the rug to exhibit rich texture from all the different shades of color. [5] The name originates from a village in southwest Sweden. [6] The term rya may also refer to a breed of sheep whose wool is used to make rya carpets (see Rya (sheep)).
Pearl McGown learned rug-hooking as a child. [1] Hooked rugs are made by pulling loops of yarn or thin strips of fabric through a base material with an open weave, typically burlap or linen. [2] [3] [4] In North America, rug-hooking has been a widespread handicraft since the early 19th century, possibly brought over by English textile workers. [5]