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Croup (/ k r uː p / KROOP), also known as croupy cough, is a type of respiratory infection that is usually caused by a virus. [2] The infection leads to swelling inside the trachea, which interferes with normal breathing and produces the classic symptoms of "barking/brassy" cough, inspiratory stridor and a hoarse voice. [2]
[3] [4] This commonly includes nasal obstruction, sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and the common cold. [5]: 28 Most infections are viral in nature, and in other instances, the cause is bacterial. [6] URTIs can also be fungal or helminthic in origin, but these are less common. [7]: 443–445
The acute form of the infection, or acute laryngitis, generally resolves without specific treatment. [1] Resting the voice and sufficient fluids may help. [1] Antibiotics generally do not appear to be useful in the acute form. [5] The acute form is common while the chronic form of the infection, or chronic laryngitis, is not. [1]
It is unclear if rapid viral testing in the emergency department for children with acute febrile respiratory infections reduces the rates of antibiotic use, blood testing, or urine testing. [11] The relative risk reduction of chest x-ray utilization in children screened with rapid viral testing is 77% compared with controls. [ 11 ]
Voice disorders can be divided into two broad categories: organic and functional. [9] The distinction between these broad classes stems from their cause, whereby organic dysphonia results from some sort of physiological change in one of the subsystems of speech (for voice, usually respiration, laryngeal anatomy, and/or other parts of the vocal tract are affected).
Chronic laryngitis is caused by smoking, dust, frequent yelling, or prolonged exposure to polluted air. It is much more serious than acute laryngitis. It is much more serious than acute laryngitis. Presbylarynx is a condition in which age-related atrophy of the soft tissues of the larynx results in weak voice and restricted vocal range and stamina.
461.9 Sinusitis, acute, NOS; 462 Pharyngitis, acute; 463 Tonsillitis, acute; 464 Acute laryngitis and tracheitis. 464.0 Laryngitis, acute, no obstruction; 464.3 Epiglottitis, acute; 464.4 Croup; 465 Acute upper respiratory infections of multiple or unspecified sites 465.9 Upper respiratory infection, acute, NOS; 466 Acute bronchitis and ...
Fluid replacement or fluid resuscitation is the medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathologic processes. . Fluids can be replaced with oral rehydration therapy (drinking), intravenous therapy, rectally such as with a Murphy drip, or by hypodermoclysis, the direct injection of fluid into the subcutaneous tis