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Typical usages are as a basis for pressure altimeter calibrations, aircraft performance calculations, aircraft and rocket design, ballistic tables, and meteorological diagrams." [1] For example, the U.S. Standard Atmosphere derives the values for air temperature, pressure, and mass density, as a function of altitude above sea level.
English: Composition diagram showing the evolution/cycles of various elements in Earth's atmosphere. Original subscript: Schematic of chemical and transport processes related to atmospheric composition.
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Diagram of the five primary layers of the Earth's atmosphere (not to scale). From Earth's surface to top of stratosphere (50 km) is slightly less than1% of Earth's radius. Between troposphere & stratosphere is the tropopause.
Earth's atmosphere. Lower 4 layers of atmosphere in 3 dimensions as seen diagonally from above. Layers drawn to scale, objects not to scale. Aurorae shown here at bottom of thermosphere can actually form at any altitude of thermosphere.
The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) is a static atmospheric model of how the pressure, temperature, density, and viscosity of the Earth's atmosphere change over a wide range of altitudes or elevations. It has been established to provide a common reference for temperature and pressure and consists of tables of values at various altitudes ...
The U.S. Standard Atmosphere is a static atmospheric model of how the pressure, temperature, density, and viscosity of the Earth's atmosphere change over a wide range of altitudes or elevations. The model, based on an existing international standard, was first published in 1958 by the U.S. Committee on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere, and ...
Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level, and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere. Earth's early atmosphere consisted of accreted gases from the solar nebula , but the atmosphere changed significantly over time, affected by many factors such as volcanism , impact events , weathering and the evolution of ...