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Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B 2, is a water-soluble vitamin and is one of the B vitamins. [3] [4] [5] Unlike folate and vitamin B 6, which occur in several chemically related forms known as vitamers, riboflavin is only one chemical compound.
Riboflavin. Flavins (from Latin flavus, "yellow") refers generally to the class of organic compounds containing the tricyclic heterocycle isoalloxazine or its isomer alloxazine, and derivatives thereof. The biochemical source of flavin is the yellow B vitamin riboflavin.
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B 2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as the prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases, including NADH dehydrogenase, as well as a cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors. [1]
Riboflavin: Riboflavin is involved in release of energy in the electron transport chain, the citric acid cycle, as well as the catabolism of fatty acids (beta oxidation). [12] Vitamin B 3: Niacin: Niacin is composed of two structures: nicotinic acid and nicotinamide.
FAD plays a major role as an enzyme cofactor along with flavin mononucleotide, another molecule originating from riboflavin. [8] Bacteria, fungi and plants can produce riboflavin, but other eukaryotes, such as humans, have lost the ability to make it. [9] Therefore, humans must obtain riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, from dietary sources. [14]
Nicotinic acid, [a] or niacin, [b] is an organic compound and a vitamer of vitamin B 3, an essential human nutrient. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is produced by plants and animals from the amino acid tryptophan . [ 6 ]