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In Athens Poseidon was an inland god who created the salt-sea Erecthēιs (Ερεχθηίς), "sea of Erechtheus". In Acropolis his cult was superimposed on the cult of the local ancestral figure Erechtheus. [2] In Athens and Asine he was worshipped in the house of the king during the Mycenean period. [35]
The Greeks considered Poseidon to be the "master of the sea". [3] Given the importance to Athens of trade by sea and the significance of its navy in its creation and survival during the fifth century, Poseidon was of a particular relevance and value to the Athenians. [3
The name of Athens, connected to the name of its patron goddess Athena, originates from an earlier Pre-Greek language. [1] The origin myth explaining how Athens acquired this name through the legendary contest between Poseidon and Athena was described by Herodotus, [2] Apollodorus, [3] Ovid, Plutarch, [4] Pausanias and others.
The temple of Poseidon at Sounion was constructed in 444–440 BC. This was during the ascendancy of the Athenian statesman Pericles, who also rebuilt the Parthenon in Athens. It was built on the ruins of a temple dating from the Archaic period. It is perched above the sea at a height of almost 60 metres (200 ft).
The Panathenaic festival was formed in order to honor the goddess Athena who had become the patron of Athens after having a competition with the god Poseidon where they were to win the favor of the Athenian people by offering the people gifts. The festival would also bring unity among the people of Athens. [3]
The Erechtheion [2] (/ ɪ ˈ r ɛ k θ i ə n /, latinized as Erechtheum / ɪ ˈ r ɛ k θ i ə m, ˌ ɛ r ɪ k ˈ θ iː ə m /; Ancient Greek: Ἐρέχθειον, Greek: Ερέχθειο) or Temple of Athena Polias [3] is an ancient Greek Ionic temple on the north side of the Acropolis, Athens, which was primarily dedicated to the goddess Athena.
In the Iliad, Aphrodite, Ares, and Apollo support the Trojan side in the Trojan War, while Hera, Athena, and Poseidon support the Greeks (see theomachy). Some gods were specifically associated with a certain city. Athena was associated with Athens, Apollo with Delphi and Delos, Zeus with Olympia and Aphrodite with Corinth. But other gods were ...
Athens at its height was a significant sea power, defeating the Persian fleet at the Battle of Salamis [132] —but the water was salty and undrinkable. [132] In an alternative version of the myth from Vergil's Georgics, [127] Poseidon instead gave the Athenians the first horse. [131] Athena offered the first domesticated olive tree.