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In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total.Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an operation denoted "+" is defined.
The sum a + b can be interpreted as a binary operation that combines a and b, in an algebraic sense, or it can be interpreted as the addition of b more units to a. Under the latter interpretation, the parts of a sum a + b play asymmetric roles, and the operation a + b is viewed as applying the unary operation +b to a. [20]
Empty sum, a sum with no terms; Indefinite sum, the inverse of a finite difference; Kronecker sum, an operation considered a kind of addition for matrices; Matrix addition, in linear algebra; Minkowski addition, a sum of two subsets of a vector space; Power sum symmetric polynomial, in commutative algebra; Prefix sum, in computing
The sum of proper divisors of a number is called its aliquot sum, so a perfect number is one that is equal to its aliquot sum. Equivalently, a perfect number is a number that is half the sum of all of its positive divisors; in symbols, σ 1 ( n ) = 2 n {\displaystyle \sigma _{1}(n)=2n} where σ 1 {\displaystyle \sigma _{1}} is the sum-of ...
In mathematics, a telescoping series is a series whose general term is of the form = +, i.e. the difference of two consecutive terms of a sequence (). As a consequence the partial sums of the series only consists of two terms of ( a n ) {\displaystyle (a_{n})} after cancellation.
This is a generalization of the similar convention of denoting by + both the addition—the process of adding—and its result—the sum of and . Commonly, the terms of a series come from a ring , often the field R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } of the real numbers or the field C {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} } of the complex numbers .
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In mathematics, an expansion of a product of sums expresses it as a sum of products by using the fact that multiplication distributes over addition. Expansion of a polynomial expression can be obtained by repeatedly replacing subexpressions that multiply two other subexpressions, at least one of which is an addition, by the equivalent sum of products, continuing until the expression becomes a ...