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In computer networking, port knocking is a method of externally opening ports on a firewall by generating a connection attempt on a set of prespecified closed ports. Once a correct sequence of connection attempts is received, the firewall rules are dynamically modified to allow the host which sent the connection attempts to connect over specific port(s).
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A port knock setup needs a firewall that logs every port access, a daemon which has means to change the firewall rules (!), and, depending on how complex the knock sequences should be, cryptographic hash generators, handling of multiple knock attempts coming in at the same time, etc.
It includes all commands that are standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in RFC 959, plus extensions. Note that most command-line FTP clients present their own non-standard set of commands to users. For example, GET is the common user command to download a file instead of the raw command RETR.
The Zen of Python is a collection of 19 "guiding principles" for writing computer programs that influence the design of the Python programming language. [1] Python code that aligns with these principles is often referred to as "Pythonic". [2] Software engineer Tim Peters wrote this set of principles and posted it on the Python mailing list in ...
Port forwarding via NAT router. In computer networking, port forwarding or port mapping is an application of network address translation (NAT) that redirects a communication request from one address and port number combination to another while the packets are traversing a network gateway, such as a router or firewall.
In computer networking, TCP Stealth is a proposed modification of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to hide open ports of some TCP services from the public, in order to impede port scans. It is somewhat similar to the port knocking technique. [1] [2] As of May 2015 it is an IETF Internet Draft specification. [3]
All TCP NAT traversal and hole punching techniques have to solve the port prediction problem. A NAT port allocation can be one of the two: predictable the gateway uses a simple algorithm to map the local port to the NAT port. Most of the time a NAT will use port preservation, which means that the local port is mapped to the same port on the NAT.