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In ancient Roman religion and mythology, Liber (/ ˈ l aɪ b ər / LY-bər, Latin:; "the free one"), also known as Liber Pater ("the free Father"), was a god of viticulture and wine, male fertility and freedom. He was a patron deity of Rome's plebeians and was part of their Aventine Triad.
The Aventine Triad (also referred to as the plebeian Triad or the agricultural Triad) is a modern term for the joint cult of the Roman deities Ceres, Liber and Libera.The cult was established c. 493 BC within a sacred district on or near the Aventine Hill, traditionally associated with the Roman plebs.
The worship of the Triad gradually took on more and more Greek influence, and by 205 BC, Liber and Libera had been formally identified with Bacchus and Proserpina. [168] Liber was often interchangeably identified with Dionysus and his mythology, though this identification was not universally accepted. [169]
Dionysus is equated with both Bacchus and Liber (also Liber Pater). Liber ("the free one") was a god of fertility, wine, and growth, married to Libera . His festival was the Liberalia , celebrated on 17 March, but in some myths the festival was also held on 5 March.
Libertas was associated with the pileus, a cap commonly worn by freed slaves: [3]. Among the Romans the cap of felt was the emblem of liberty. When a slave obtained his freedom he had his head shaved, and wore instead of his hair an undyed pileus (πίλεον λευκόν, Diodorus Siculus Exc. Leg. 22 p625, ed. Wess.; Plaut.
Moonchild (a.k.a., Liber LXXXI [Book 81], or The Butterfly Net) is a novel written by the British occultist Aleister Crowley in 1917. Its plot involves a magickal war between a group of white magicians , led by Simon Iff , and a group of black magicians , over an unborn child.
A Book on Nymphs, Sylphs, Pygmies, and Salamanders, and on the Other Spirits (Latin: Ex Libro de Nymphis, Sylvanis, Pygmaeis, Salamandris et Gigantibus, etc) is a treatise by the Swiss lay theologian and philosopher Paracelsus, published posthumously in 1566.
The Liber Linteus Zagrabiensis (Latin for "Linen Book of Zagreb", also known rarely as Liber Agramensis, "Book of Agram") is the longest Etruscan text and the only extant linen book (libri lintei), dated to the 3rd century BC, making it arguably the oldest extant European book.