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Common lipid signaling molecules: lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) platelet activating factor (PAF) anandamide or arachidonoyl ethanolamine (AEA). Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological cell signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these ...
Questions such as the relationship between lipid droplets (spherosomes) and peroxisomes within seedlings, how the membrane associated proteins of the LDs affect the abiotic and biotic stress response in plants, and potential genetic engineering or modification of LD associated enzymes to improve oil production and quality, have all been at the ...
Lipid peroxidation, or lipid oxidation, is a complex chemical process that leads to oxidative degradation of lipids, [1] resulting in the formation of peroxide and hydroperoxide derivatives. [2] It occurs when free radicals , specifically reactive oxygen species (ROS), interact with lipids within cell membranes , typically polyunsaturated fatty ...
Alternatively, fatty acids can be converted to lipid intermediates like diacylglycerol, ceramides and fatty acyl-CoAs. These lipid intermediates can impair cellular function, which is referred to as lipotoxicity. [2] Adipocytes, the cells that normally function as lipid store of the body, are well equipped to handle the excess lipids. Yet, too ...
The chemical structure of cholesterol, which differs greatly from a standard phospholipid. The presence of cholesterol exerts a profound but complicated influence on lipid bilayer properties because of its unique physical characteristics. Although it is a lipid, cholesterol bears little resemblance to a phospholipid.
Although the functions of plasmalogens have not yet been fully elucidated, it has been demonstrated that they can protect mammalian cells against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In addition, they have been implicated as being signaling molecules and modulators of membrane dynamics.
Lipid droplets, also referred to as lipid bodies, oil bodies or adiposomes, [1] are lipid-rich cellular organelles that regulate the storage and hydrolysis of neutral lipids and are found largely in the adipose tissue. [2] They also serve as a reservoir for cholesterol and acyl-glycerols for membrane formation and maintenance.
Cardiolipin (IUPAC name 1,3-bis(sn-3’-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol, "sn" designating stereospecific numbering) is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid composition.