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  2. Edict of Gülhane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Gülhane

    A state, criminal law, with less stringent rules for prosecution, was introduced to supplement the sharia, Sacred Law. Explosion in the bureaucracy which transformed the efficiency of the state. While in the old system bureaucrats had no salary and were paid fees by individuals, the changes brought on by the Edict of Gülhane established a ...

  3. Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Reform_Edict_of_1856

    Ottoman constitution of 1876 French translation of the edict, in Législation ottomane Volume 2, written by François Belin. The Imperial Reform Edict (Ottoman Turkish: اصلاحات خط همايونى, Islâhat Hatt-ı Hümâyûnu; Modern Turkish: Islâhat Fermânı) [1] was a February 18, 1856 edict of the Ottoman government and part of the Tanzimat reforms.

  4. Ottoman Land Code of 1858 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Land_Code_of_1858

    With the enactment of the Ottoman Land Code, that same year the Turkish Government also passed the Land Registration Law of 1858, for better regulation of its land tenure laws, and, by way of extension, a more efficient way of levying taxes on property. The Ottoman land law classifies land under five kinds or categories.

  5. Law of the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_Ottoman_Empire

    Critical areas of progressive law reform such as liberalism, constitutionality, and rule of law were all characteristics of the European system and began taking effect within the sectors of law that made up the Ottoman legal system. [15]

  6. Tanzimat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzimat

    The Tanzimat [a] (Ottoman Turkish: تنظيمات, Turkish: Tanzimat, lit.'Reorganization') was a period of liberal reforms in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Edict of 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.

  7. Constitutional history of Turkey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_history_of...

    This document was a proclamation by Abdulmejid I which reorganised the Ottoman Empire and introduced various reforms. 1856: Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856 that complemented and reinforced the Imperial Edict of Reorganisation. It promised equality of access to education, government appointments, military service, and administration of justice to ...

  8. Constitution of the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the...

    An English translation of the Constitution, derived from the French version, published in The American Journal of International Law. The Ottoman Porte believed that once the Christian population was represented in the legislative assembly, no foreign power could legitimize the promotion of her national interests under pretext of representing the rights of these people of religious and ethnic ...

  9. Législation ottomane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Législation_ottomane

    Législation ottomane, ou Recueil des lois, règlements, ordonnances, traités, capitulations et autres documents officiels de l'Empire ottoman is a collection of Ottoman law published by Gregory Aristarchis (as Grégoire Aristarchi) and edited by Demetrius Nicolaides (as Démétrius Nicolaïdes). The volumes were published from 1873 to 1888.