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Fish boats in Tamil Nadu. Fishing in India contributed over 1% of India's annual gross domestic product in 2008. Fishing in India employs about 14.5 million people. [6] To harvest the economic benefits from fishing, India has adopted exclusive economic zone, stretching 200 nautical miles (370 km) into the Indian Ocean, encompasses more than 2 million square kilometers.
Traditional fishing in Kerala backwaters. Fishing Boats, Early Morning, Puri Beach in Orissa. India, with 8,118km coastline, 2 million square kilometres Exclusive economic zone including 530,000km2 continental shelf and 6.3% of the world fisheries production, is second largest fisheries producer after China with 9.58 million tonnes total production and 1.05 million tonnes export worth INR 334. ...
The wild Atlantic salmon fishery is commercially dead; after extensive habitat damage and overfishing, wild fish make up only 0.5% of the Atlantic salmon available in world fish markets. The rest are farmed, predominantly from aquaculture in Norway, Chile, Canada, the UK, Ireland, Faroe Islands, Russia and Tasmania in Australia.
EEZs in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. India has the 18th-largest exclusive economic zone (EEZ) with a total size of 2,305,143 km 2 (890,021 sq mi). [1] It includes the Lakshadweep island group in the Laccadive Sea off the southwestern coast of India [2] and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. [3]
According to the FAO, "...a fishery is an activity leading to harvesting of fish.It may involve capture of wild fish or raising of fish through aquaculture." It is typically defined in terms of the "people involved, species or type of fish, area of water or seabed, method of fishing, class of boats, purpose of the activities or a combination of the foregoing features".
The larger fish processing companies have their own fishing fleets and independent fisheries. The products of the industry are usually sold wholesale to grocery chains or to intermediaries. Fish processing can be subdivided into two categories: fish handling (the initial processing of raw fish) and fish products manufacturing.
The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute was established in the government of India on 3 February 1947 under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare and later, in 1967, it joined the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) family and emerged as a leading tropical marine fisheries research institute in the world. [2]
India's coastal regions have long depended on marine fishing, with artisanal fishing practices guided by ecological knowledge and traditional customs. However, the mechanisation of fisheries in the 1960s and 1970s led to overfishing and significant ecological degradation . [ 5 ]