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[1] Some forms of corruption, now called "institutional corruption", [2] are distinguished from bribery and other kinds of obvious personal gain. For example, certain state institutions may consistently act against the interests of the public, such as by misusing public funds for their own interest, or by engaging in illegal or immoral behavior ...
Corruption in the United States dates back to the founding of the country. The American Revolution was, in part, a response to the perceived corruption of the British monarchy. Separation of powers was developed to enable accountability. [2] Freedom of association also served this end, allowing citizens to organize independently of the ...
The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index that scores and ranks countries by their perceived levels of public sector [1] corruption, as assessed by experts and business executives. [2] The CPI generally defines corruption as an "abuse of entrusted power for private gain". [3]: 2 The index is published annually by the non-governmental ...
Kleptocracy (from Greek κλέπτης kléptēs, "thief", or κλέπτω kléptō, "I steal", and -κρατία-kratía from κράτος krátos, "power, rule"), also referred to as thievocracy, [1] [2] is a government whose corrupt leaders (kleptocrats) use political power to expropriate the wealth of the people and land they govern ...
The Global Corruption Barometer published by Transparency International is the largest survey in the world tracking public opinion on corruption. [1] It surveys 114,000 people in 107 countries on their view of corruption.
Corruption in local government refers to the misuse of public office and resources by individuals in positions of power at the local level for personal gain or the benefit of select groups. It involves the abuse of entrusted authority, bribery, embezzlement, fraud, nepotism, and other forms of illicit activities that undermine the integrity and ...
Several statutes, mostly codified in Title 18 of the United States Code, provide for federal prosecution of public corruption in the United States.Federal prosecutions of public corruption under the Hobbs Act (enacted 1934), the mail and wire fraud statutes (enacted 1872), including the honest services fraud provision, the Travel Act (enacted 1961), and the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt ...
Examples of government failure include regulatory capture and regulatory arbitrage. Government failure may arise because of unanticipated consequences of a government intervention, or because an inefficient outcome is more politically feasible than a Pareto improvement to it. Government failure can be on both the demand side and the supply side.