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A renal diet is a diet aimed at keeping levels of fluids, electrolytes, and minerals balanced in the body in individuals with chronic kidney disease or who are on dialysis. Dietary changes may include the restriction of fluid intake, protein , and electrolytes including sodium , phosphorus , and potassium . [ 1 ]
The kidneys can be grilled, sautéed, roasted or braised. [2] They can be used in cooking meat casseroles, stews or pies. [3] Typically used in cooking are beef, veal, lamb and pork kidneys. [4] [5] Chicken kidneys are used in cooking, too, [6] [7] but fowl kidneys are very small and generally not collected to be used in food separately. [5]
It is often not taken into account what other fruits or vegetables the subjects eat; some studies have been conducted only in Asia, where people have specific eating habits. [ 3 ] The mushroom diet of M-plan diet type has been criticized as a fad diet not based on scientific data; the results of following it will depend mainly on other foods.
A low sodium diet has a useful effect to reduce blood pressure, both in people with hypertension and in people with normal blood pressure. [7] Taken together, a low salt diet (median of approximately 4.4 g/day – approx 1800 mg sodium) in hypertensive people resulted in a decrease in systolic blood pressure by 4.2 mmHg, and in diastolic blood pressure by 2.1 mmHg.
Frying, roasting, baking, and microwaving are all used to prepare mushrooms. Cooking lowers the amount of water present in the food. Mushrooms do not go mushy with long term cooking because the chitin that gives most of the structure to a mushroom does not break down until 380 °C (716 °F) which is not reached in any normal cooking. [39] [40]
Patients with severe vomiting or diarrhea can be rehydrated with intravenous fluids. [31] Monitoring of biochemical parameters such as methemoglobin levels, electrolytes, liver and kidney function, urinalysis , and complete blood count is undertaken and any abnormalities are corrected.