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Esketamine, sold under the brand names Spravato (for depression) and Ketanest (for anesthesia) among others, [10] [12] is the S(+) enantiomer of ketamine. [5] [13] It is a dissociative hallucinogen drug used as a general anesthetic and as an antidepressant for treatment of depression.
NMDA receptor antagonists induce a state called dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia. [1] Ketamine is a favored anesthetic for emergency patients with unknown medical history and in the treatment of burn victims because it depresses breathing and circulation less than other anesthetics.
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) is the use of prescribed doses of ketamine as an adjunct to psychotherapy sessions. KAP shows significant potential in treating mental disorders such as treatment-resistant depression (TRD), anxiety , obsessive–compulsive disorders (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), and other conditions. [ 1 ]
Medicare does not typically cover ketamine infusions for mental health conditions. However, it may cover Spravato, an FDA-approved drug deriving from ketamine, for treatment-resistant depression.
Esketamine, the chemical name for Spravato, is a chemical mirror image of anesthetic ketamine, which is also abused as a recreational party drug and goes by the street nickname “Special K ...
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved the nasal spray Spravato for the treatment of major depression in people who have not responded to at least two oral antidepressants.
However, due to possible psychotomimetic reactions they are sometimes used reluctantly. [13] [14] Certain morphinan dissociatives such as dextromethorphan are also used in sub-psychoactive dosages to suppress coughing. [15] Ketamine is also currently being studied and is showing promising results as a possible fast-acting antidepressant.
Esketamine, sold under the brand name Spravato and produced by Janssen Pharmaceuticals, was approved by the FDA in March 2019 for the treatment of Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) and suicidal ideation. [8] As of 2022, it is the only psychoplastogen approved in the US for the treatment of a neuropsychiatric disorder. [6]