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The Marine Mammal Protection Act was enacted on October 21, 1972. The MMPA established a national policy to prevent marine mammal species and population stocks from declining beyond the point where they ceased to be significant functioning elements of the ecosystems of which they are a part.
The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) was enacted in October 1972 in partial response to growing concerns among scientists and the general public that certain species and populations of marine mammals were in danger of extinction or depletion as a result of human activities.
The Marine Mammal Protection Act has conservation benefits beyond US boundaries. The Act requires imported fisheries products to minimize incidental mortality and severe injury of marine mammals aligning to the US domestic standards.
The Marine Mammal Protection Act establishes a moratorium on taking and importing marine mammals, including parts and products. Defines the Federal responsibility for conservation of marine mammals, with management authority vested in the Department for the sea otter, walrus, polar bear, dugong, and manatee.
Download the Full PDF Version. Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 as amended (through 2018) (PDF,125 pages) Last updated by Office of Protected Resources on 08/29/2024. Full Text of the Marine Mammal Protection Act.
To protect all marine mammals, the MMPA prohibits the "taking" of any marine mammal species in U.S. waters where "take" means to hunt, harass, capture, or kill any marine mammal or attempting to do so. It also prohibits the import and export of marine mammals and their parts or products.
Congress passed the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) in 1972 (P.L. 92-522; Analyst in Natural 16 U.S.C. §§1361-1423h) to conserve marine mammal populations and protect them from extinction or depletion as a result of human activities.
Congress passed the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 based on the following findings and policies: Some marine mammal species or stocks may be in danger of extinction or depletion as a result of human activities;
All species of marine mammals are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), and some are also protected under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
The Marine Mammal Protection Act is the U.S. federal law restricting human activities that affect marine mammals. Learn about its lasting impact.