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  2. Arctic Ocean - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean

    Earth's ocean. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five oceanic divisions. [1] It spans an area of approximately 14,060,000 km 2 (5,430,000 sq mi) and is the coldest of the world's oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic ...

  3. Gakkel Ridge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gakkel_Ridge

    The Gakkel Ridge (formerly known as the Nansen Cordillera and Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge) [1] is a mid-oceanic ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate. [2] It is located in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, between Greenland and Siberia. Geologically, it connects the northern end of ...

  4. Lomonosov Ridge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomonosov_Ridge

    The ridge divides the Arctic Basin into the Eurasian Basin and the Amerasian Basin. The width of the Lomonosov Ridge varies from 60 to 200 kilometres (37 to 124 mi). It rises 3,300 to 3,700 metres (10,800 to 12,100 ft) above the 4,200-metre (13,800 ft) deep seabed. The minimum depth of the ocean above the ridge is less than 400 metres (1,300 ft ...

  5. Polar seas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_seas

    Polar seas is a collective term for the Arctic Ocean (about 4-5 percent of Earth's oceans) and the southern part of the Southern Ocean (south of Antarctic Convergence, about 10 percent of Earth's oceans). In the coldest years, sea ice can cover around 13 percent of the Earth's total surface at its maximum, but out of phase in the two ...

  6. North American Arctic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Arctic

    The North American Arctic is on the left. The North American Arctic is composed of the northern polar regions of Alaska (USA), Northern Canada and Greenland. [ 1 ] Major bodies of water include the Arctic Ocean, Hudson Bay, the Gulf of Alaska and North Atlantic Ocean. [ 2 ] The North American Arctic lies above the Arctic Circle. [ 3 ]

  7. Molloy Deep - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molloy_Deep

    Molloy Deep. The Molloy Deep (also known as the Molloy Hole) is a bathymetric feature in the Fram Strait, within the Greenland Sea [1] east of Greenland and about 160 km (100 mi) west of Svalbard. It is the location of the deepest point in the Arctic Ocean. The Molloy Deep, Molloy Hole, Molloy Fracture Zone, and Molloy Ridge were named after ...

  8. Alpha Ridge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Ridge

    Alpha Ridge. The Alpha Ridge is a major volcanic ridge under the Arctic Ocean between the Canada Basin (off Ellesmere Island) and the Lomonosov Ridge. It was active during the formation of the Amerasian Basin. [1] It was discovered in 1963. The highest elevation is about 2,700 m over the ocean floor.

  9. Arctic sea ice ecology and history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_sea_ice_ecology_and...

    The Arctic sea ice covers less area in the summer than in the winter. The multi-year (i.e. perennial) sea ice covers nearly all of the central deep basins. The Arctic sea ice and its related biota are unique, and the year-round persistence of the ice has allowed the development of ice endemic species, meaning species not found anywhere else.