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Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy (Nutritional Myopathy or White Muscle Disease) is a disease caused by a deficiency of selenium and vitamin E in dietary intake. [1] Soils that contains low levels of selenium produce forages and grains that are deficient in selenium.
Horses heterozygous for the Ile118Lys mutation on the equine EDNRB gene—carriers of lethal white syndrome—usually exhibit a white-spotting pattern called "frame", or "frame overo". [5] [7] [9] [13] Frame is characterized by jagged, sharply defined, horizontally oriented white patches that run along the horse's neck, shoulder, flank, and ...
Lethal white syndrome is a syndrome in horses caused by mutations in both copies of EDNRB. It leads to death from intestinal pseudo-obstruction due to Hirschsprung's disease. A mutation in a single copy of EDNRB, however, as in Waardenburg syndrome type 4A, produces the patchy white overo coat with deafness. [58]
Equine Musculoskeletal Engraving. Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) is a syndrome that affects the skeletal muscles within a horse. This syndrome causes the muscle to break down which is generally associated with exercise and diet regime.
Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy (EPSM, PSSM, EPSSM) is a hereditary glycogen storage disease of horses that causes exertional rhabdomyolysis.It is currently known to affect the following breeds American Quarter Horses, American Paint Horses, Warmbloods, Cobs, Dales Ponies, Thoroughbreds, Arabians, New Forest ponies, and a large number of Heavy horse breeds.
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in various stages. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a disease that affects the central nervous system of horses.It is caused by a protozoal infection that is brought about by the apicomplexan parasites Sarcocystis neurona or Neospora hughesi.
In the early stages of disease, horses with shivers are commonly used as riding and driving animals. However, the disease is often slowly progressive. [ 1 ] Muscle spasms usually increase in frequency and severity, and the animal becomes weak, develops muscle wasting, and may become very uncomfortable. [ 2 ]
Within hours of first symptoms horse may be unable to stand and in 72 hours of the onset of signs mortalities may occur. [16] [13] [1] The mortality rate of atypical myopathy is high; only 30-40% of affected horses survive. [9] EAM affected horse’s urine is dark red or brown. Sweating and muscle trembling can be observed while moving.