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This ensured the third Duma (7 November 1907 – 3 June 1912) would be dominated by gentry, landowners and businessmen. The number of deputies from non-Russian regions was greatly reduced. [ 12 ] The system facilitated better, if hardly ideal, cooperation between the Government and the Duma; consequently, the Duma lasted a full five-year term ...
[2] [3] The debates among Bolsheviks whether to boycott the new constituency of the Russian parliament known as the Third Duma started after the defeat of the revolution in mid-1907 and the adoption of a new, highly restrictive election law. [2] This faction subsequently organised itself in the Vpered group from 1909.
When the first meeting of the Fourth Duma was convened in late 1912, only one out of six Bolshevik deputies, Matvei Muranov (another one, Roman Malinovsky, was later exposed as an Okhrana agent), voted on 15 December 1912 to break from the Menshevik faction within the Duma. [31] The Bolshevik leadership eventually prevailed, and the Bolsheviks ...
Under new electoral laws, the SD presence in the Third Duma (1907–1912) was reduced to 19. From the Fourth Duma (1912–1917), the SDs were finally and fully split. The Mensheviks had seven members in the Duma and the Bolsheviks had six, including Roman Malinovsky, who was later uncovered as an Okhrana agent. [11]
Elections to District Dumas were held on October 7, 1917, whereby 17 Moscow district dumas (local municipal assemblies) were elected. The Bolshevik Party won a majority of seats in eleven district dumas and a plurality of seats in another three district dumas, whilst the Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries (SR) that had won the June 1917 Moscow City Duma election did not win a single district.
Elections to Moscow District Dumas were held on October 7 [O.S. September 24] 1917. It was the second of the three general elections in Moscow in 1917, between the City Duma election of June 1917 and the All-Russian Constituent Assembly election in November. [1]
In 1918, Soviet revolutionary Leon Trotsky told Western creditors aghast at the Bolsheviks' repudiation of Russia's external debt: "Gentlemen, you were warned." More than a century later, Russia ...
The Socialist-Revolutionaries emerged as the most voted party in the election, swaying the broad majority of the peasant vote. The agrarian programmes of the SR and Bolshevik parties were largely similar, but the peasantry were more familiar with the SRs. The Bolsheviks lacked an organizational presence in many rural areas.