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  2. Rate of convergence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_convergence

    In asymptotic analysis in general, one sequence () that converges to a limit is said to asymptotically converge to with a faster order of convergence than another sequence () that converges to in a shared metric space with distance metric | |, such as the real numbers or complex numbers with the ordinary absolute difference metrics, if

  3. Line–line intersection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineline_intersection

    Assume that we want to find intersection of two infinite lines in 2-dimensional space, defined as a 1 x + b 1 y + c 1 = 0 and a 2 x + b 2 y + c 2 = 0. We can represent these two lines in line coordinates as U 1 = (a 1, b 1, c 1) and U 2 = (a 2, b 2, c 2). The intersection P′ of two lines is then simply given by [4]

  4. Trapezoidal rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezoidal_rule

    Although some effort has been made to extend the Euler-Maclaurin summation formula to higher dimensions, [13] the most straightforward proof of the rapid convergence of the trapezoidal rule in higher dimensions is to reduce the problem to that of convergence of Fourier series. This line of reasoning shows that if is periodic on a -dimensional ...

  5. Richardson extrapolation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richardson_extrapolation

    In numerical analysis, Richardson extrapolation is a sequence acceleration method used to improve the rate of convergence of a sequence of estimates of some value = (). In essence, given the value of A ( h ) {\displaystyle A(h)} for several values of h {\displaystyle h} , we can estimate A ∗ {\displaystyle A^{\ast }} by extrapolating the ...

  6. Riemann sum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_sum

    The interval [0, 2] is firstly divided into n subintervals, each of which is given a width of ; these are the widths of the Riemann rectangles (hereafter "boxes"). Because the right Riemann sum is to be used, the sequence of x coordinates for the boxes will be x 1 , x 2 , … , x n {\displaystyle x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{n}} .

  7. Radius of convergence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_convergence

    Two cases arise: The first case is theoretical: when you know all the coefficients then you take certain limits and find the precise radius of convergence.; The second case is practical: when you construct a power series solution of a difficult problem you typically will only know a finite number of terms in a power series, anywhere from a couple of terms to a hundred terms.

  8. Convergence of random variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_of_random...

    Convergence in distribution is the weakest form of convergence typically discussed, since it is implied by all other types of convergence mentioned in this article. However, convergence in distribution is very frequently used in practice; most often it arises from application of the central limit theorem .

  9. Uniform convergence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_convergence

    A sequence of functions () converges uniformly to when for arbitrary small there is an index such that the graph of is in the -tube around f whenever . The limit of a sequence of continuous functions does not have to be continuous: the sequence of functions () = ⁡ (marked in green and blue) converges pointwise over the entire domain, but the limit function is discontinuous (marked in red).