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Callisto (/ k ə ˈ l ɪ s t oʊ / kə-LIST-oh), or Jupiter IV, is the second-largest moon of Jupiter, after Ganymede.In the Solar System it is the third-largest moon after Ganymede and Saturn's largest moon Titan, and nearly as large as the smallest planet Mercury.
Callisto is surrounded by an extremely thin atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide [49] and probably molecular oxygen. [50] Investigation revealed that Callisto may possibly have a subsurface ocean of liquid water at depths less than 300 kilometres. [51] The likely presence of an ocean within Callisto indicates that it can or could harbour life.
Io (1.9 nbar) and Callisto (26 pbar) have very thin atmospheres, but still enough to have collisions between atmospheric molecules. Other planetary-mass moons only have exospheres at most. [ 26 ] Exospheres have been detected around Earth's Moon, Europa, Ganymede, [ 26 ] Enceladus, [ 27 ] Dione, [ 28 ] and Rhea. [ 29 ]
This is a list of named geological features on Callisto, a moon of Jupiter. This list is complete as of August 2022. Catenae ...
NASA's Galileo ' s measurements suggest that large moons can have magnetic fields; it found Ganymede has its own magnetosphere, even though its mass is only 2.5% of Earth's. [18] Alternatively, the moon's atmosphere may be constantly replenished by gases from subsurface sources, as thought by some scientists to be the case with Titan. [21]
Neptune has 16 known moons; the largest, Triton, accounts for more than 99.5 percent of all the mass orbiting the planet. Triton is large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, but, uniquely for a large moon, has a retrograde orbit, suggesting it was a dwarf planet that was captured.
The auroral spot associated with Callisto is probably similar to that of Europa, but has only been seen once as of June, 2019. [57] [58] Normally, magnetic field lines connected to Callisto touch Jupiter's atmosphere very close to or along the main auroral oval, making it difficult to detect Callisto's auroral spot.
The goals of the planned Tianwen-4 Jupiter mission include: study of the interaction between magnetic fields and plasma present in the Jovian system, examination of the compositional variations in the Jovian atmosphere, exploration of the internal structures and surface characteristics of either Ganymede or Callisto, as well as investigation of the space environment surrounding the ...