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Their ducts unite into a rather long sinus which open into the fornix conjunctiva. [2] There are approximately forty Krause glands in the region of the upper eyelid, and around 6 to 8 in the region of the lower lid. [2] The function of these glands are to produce tears which are secreted onto the surface of the conjunctiva.
[3] 20 to 40 glands of Krause are found in the upper fornix, and 6-8 glands appear in the lower fornix. [4] There are usually 2 to 5 Ciaccio's glands, and are found along the superior tarsal border of the upper eyelid. [1] Popov’s glands are located within the substance of the caruncle. [1]
The lacrimal gland is a compound tubuloacinar gland, it is made up of many lobules separated by connective tissue, each lobule contains many acini.The acini composed of large serous cells which, produce a watery serous secretion, serous cells are filled with lightly stained secretory granules and surrounded by well-developed myoepithelial cells and a sparse, vascular stroma.
Conjunctival concretions are generally asymptomatic.Common symptoms include eye discomfort, eye irritation, and foreign body sensation. Sometimes, the larger, harder or multiple concretions make the rubbing off of the superficial layers of the conjunctiva or eyelids to cause conjunctival abrasion, especially prominent when blinking.
First drawing of the meibomian gland by Heinrich Meibom.Year 1666. The glands were mentioned by Galen in 200 AD [3] and were described in more detail by Heinrich Meibom (1638–1700), a German physician, in his work De Vasis Palpebrarum Novis Epistola in 1666.
The lacrimal nerve branches from the ophthalmic nerve immediately before traveling through the superior orbital fissure to enter the orbit. [citation needed]At the superior portion of the lateral wall of the orbit, it also receives a secretomotor [2]: 495 communicating [2]: 402 parasympathetic [3] branch from the zygomaticotemporal nerve [2]: 495 for the lacrimal gland.
Diagnosis can be further made under a slit lamp upon the observation of redundant conjunctival folds. These folds can be made more apparent by staining with fluorescein dye and by applying gentle upward pressure with a finger to the eyeball through the lower lid. In pure aqueous tear deficiency dry eye patients, fluorescein stains in the ...
The bulbar conjunctival microvasculature is known to dilate in response to several stimuli and external conditions, including allergens (e.g. pollen), [32] temperature, [33] time-of-day, [33] contact-lens wear, [13] and acute mild hypoxia. [24] Bulbar conjunctival vasodilation has also been shown to correlate changes in emotional state. [34]