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Kenyon cells have dendritic branches that arborize in the calyx or calyces, cup-shaped regions of the mushroom body. At the base of the calyces, Kenyon cell axons come together and form a bundle known as the pedunculus. At the end of the pedunculus, Kenyon cell axons bifurcate and extend branches into the vertical and medial lobes. [4]
Mushroom bodies visible in a Drosophila brain as two stalks. From Jenett et al., 2006 [1] The mushroom bodies or corpora pedunculata are a pair of structures in the brain of arthropods, including insects and crustaceans, [2] and some annelids (notably the ragworm Platynereis dumerilii). [3] They are known to play a role in olfactory learning ...
Head of a European hornet (Vespa crabro). In insects, head is a preferred term. The insect head consists of five segments, including three (the labial, maxillary and mandibular) necessary for food uptake, which are altogether known as the gnathocephalon and house the suboesophageal ganglion of the brain, as well as the antennal segment, and an ocular segment, as well as a non segmented fused ...
The supraesophageal ganglion (also "supraoesophageal ganglion", "arthropod brain" or "microbrain" [1]) is the first part of the arthropod, especially insect, central nervous system. It receives and processes information from the first, second, and third metameres .
Cephalization is a characteristic feature of any animal that habitually moves in one direction, thereby gaining a front end. In practice, this primarily means the bilaterians, a large group containing the majority of animal phyla. [3]
Most famous parts of the brain highlighted in different colours The human brain anatomical regions are ordered following standard neuroanatomy hierarchies. Functional , connective , and developmental regions are listed in parentheses where appropriate.
Like the vertebrate spinal cord, the function of the ventral nerve cord is to integrate and transmit nerve signals. It contains ascending and descending neurons that relay information to and from the brain, motor neurons that project into the body and synapse onto muscles, axons from sensory neurons that receive information from the body and environment, and interneurons that coordinate ...
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all parts of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric and triploblastic animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and diploblasts.