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Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-α), also known as NR1B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 1), is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RARA gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] NR1B1 is a gene with a protein product and has a chromosomal location of 17q21.2.
The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a type of nuclear receptor which can also act as a ligand-activated transcription factor [1] that is activated by both all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid, retinoid active derivatives of Vitamin A. [2] They are typically found within the nucleus. [3]
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and retinoic acid receptors (RARs), are nuclear receptors that mediate the biological effects of retinoids by their involvement in retinoic acid-mediated gene activation. These receptors exert their action by binding, as homodimers or heterodimers, to specific sequences in the promoters of target genes and regulating ...
Retinoid receptors are type II nuclear receptors (a class of proteins) that bind to retinoids. When bound to a retinoid, they act as transcription factors, altering the expression of genes with corresponding response elements. Subtypes include: Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) RAR-related orphan receptors (RORs)
A number of other natural substances have also been reported to bind to the RORs. These include all-trans retinoic acid binds with high affinity to ROR-β and -γ but not ROR-α. [8] Finally the RORs may function as lipid sensors and hence may play a role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. [5]
The RARA gene, also known as NR1B1, is a protein coding gene located on chromosome 17 that provides the instructions required to make transcription factor Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha (or RARα). [ 1 ]
Retinoic acid is actively transported into the cell nucleus by CRABp2 where it regulates thousands of genes by binding directly to gene targets via retinoic acid receptors. [6] In addition to retinol, retinal and retinoic acid, there are plant-, fungi- or bacteria-sourced carotenoids which can be metabolized to retinol, and are thus vitamin A ...
Acute promyelocytic leukemia is characterized by a chromosomal translocation involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene on chromosome 17. [3] In 95% of cases of APL, the RARA gene on chromosome 17 is involved in a reciprocal translocation with the promyelocytic leukemia gene (PML) on chromosome 15, a translocation denoted as t(15;17)(q22;q21). [3]