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Weather radar in Norman, Oklahoma with rainshaft Weather (WF44) radar dish University of Oklahoma OU-PRIME C-band, polarimetric, weather radar during construction. Weather radar, also called weather surveillance radar (WSR) and Doppler weather radar, is a type of radar used to locate precipitation, calculate its motion, and estimate its type (rain, snow, hail etc.).
The scale of dBZ values can be seen along the bottom of the image. dBZ is a logarithmic dimensionless technical unit used in radar. It is mostly used in weather radar, to compare the equivalent reflectivity factor (Z) of a remote object (in mm 6 per m 3) to the return of a droplet of rain with a diameter of 1 mm (1 mm 6 per m 3). [1]
In many operational systems forecasted precipitation is fed into rainfall-runoff and streamflow routing models to forecast flow rates and water levels for periods ranging from a few hours to days ahead, depending on the size of the watershed or river basin.
Within the United States, the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center, [20] River Forecast Centers, [1] and local forecast offices within the National Weather Service create precipitation forecasts for up to five days in the future, [21] forecasting amounts equal to or greater than 0.01 inches (0.25 mm). Starting in the mid-to-late 1990s, QPFs ...
Precipitation is measured using a rain gauge, and more recently remote sensing techniques such as a weather radar. When classified according to the rate of precipitation, rain can be divided into categories. Light rain describes rainfall which falls at a rate of between a trace and 2.5 millimetres (0.098 in) per hour. Moderate rain describes ...
Copious amounts of rain before and during ... The catastrop hic flooding was caused by an unfortunate combination of weather, hydrology ... the swollen French Broad was flowing at a rate of more ...
Vertical cross-section of a thunderstorm at the top and VIL value of 63 kg/m 2 or 63 mm of rain with that cell at the bottom (red one) Vertically integrated liquid (VIL) is an estimate of the total mass of precipitation in the clouds. The measurement is obtained by observing the reflectivity of the air which is obtained with weather radar. [1]
An intensity-duration-frequency curve (IDF curve) is a mathematical function that relates the intensity of an event (e.g. rainfall) with its duration and frequency of occurrence. [1] Frequency is the inverse of the probability of occurrence. These curves are commonly used in hydrology for flood forecasting and civil engineering for urban ...