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In the deep ocean, another 26.2 Tmol Si Year −1 is dissolved before being deposited to the sediments as opal silica. [20] At the sediment water interface, over 90% of the silica is recycled and upwelled for use again in the photic zone. [20] Biogenic silica production in the photic zone is estimated to be 240 ± 40 Tmol si year −1. [36]
Silicon enters the ocean in a dissolved form such as silicic acid or silicate. [103] Since diatoms are one of the main users of these forms of silicon, they contribute greatly to the concentration of silicon throughout the ocean. Silicon forms a nutrient-like profile in the ocean due to the diatom productivity in shallow depths. [103]
Here, the water is chilled by Arctic temperatures. It also gets saltier because when sea ice forms, the salt does not freeze and is left behind in the surrounding water. The cold water is now more dense, due to the added salts, and sinks toward the ocean bottom. Surface water moves in to replace the sinking water, thus creating a current.
Further, extensive biogenic silica accumulation has been recorded in the deep-sea sediments of the Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, and Subarctic North Pacific. Total biogenic silica accumulation rates in these regions amounts nearly 0.6 × 10 14 g SiO 2 yr −1 , which is equivalent to 10% of the dissolved silica input to the oceans.
Cells reaching deeper water or the shallow seafloor can then rest until conditions become more favourable again. In the open ocean, many sinking cells are lost to the deep, but refuge populations can persist near the thermocline. Ultimately, diatom cells in these resting populations re-enter the upper mixed layer when vertical mixing entrains them.
Scientists have discovered one of the largest known sea creatures – a coral the ... carbonate in the ocean water to create their skeleton. ... frequent and severe amid a global temperature rise ...
The remaining opal silica is exported to the deep ocean in sinking particles. [11] In the deep ocean, another 26.2 Tmol Si Year −1 is dissolved before being deposited to the sediments as opal silica. [11] At the sediment water interface, over 90% of the silica is recycled and upwelled for use again in the photic zone. [11]
Since first spotting it in February 2000, scientists exploring the oceans with MBARI's remotely operated vehicles have come across it over 150 times. It just kept popping up from Oregon to ...