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HMGCL is found on chromosome 1p36.11's short arm and codes for the enzyme 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase (HMG-CoA lyase). [4] [5] This mitochondrial enzyme contributes to the metabolism of dietary proteins by converting HMG-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, which is the last stage of the breakdown of leucine and fat for ...
Deficiency HMG-CoA lyase deficiency causes hypoketotic hypoglycemia similar to that is caused by HMGCS2 mutations but also leads to organic acid accumulation and metabolic acidosis due to altered leucine metabolism. This disorder can be mistaken for Reye syndrome because of the symptoms of vomiting, lethargy, and convulsions. Ketogenesis
Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase I & II ( CPT I deficiency & CPT II deficiency) 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA Reductase Deficiency; Electron Transfer Flavoprotein (ETF) Dehydrogenase Deficiency (GA-II/MADD) 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency (HMG deficiency) Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD deficiency)
HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, official symbol HMGCR) is the rate-controlling enzyme (NADH-dependent, EC 1.1.1.88; NADPH-dependent, EC 1.1.1.34) of the mevalonate pathway, the metabolic pathway that produces cholesterol and other isoprenoids.
In biochemistry, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase or HMG-CoA synthase EC 2.3.3.10 is an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction in which acetyl-CoA condenses with acetoacetyl-CoA to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). This reaction comprises the second step in the mevalonate-dependent isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway.
β-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA), also known as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, is an intermediate in the mevalonate and ketogenesis pathways. It is formed from acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA by HMG-CoA synthase. The research of Minor J. Coon and Bimal Kumar Bachhawat in the 1950s at University of Illinois led to its discovery ...
Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Because of the enormous number of these diseases and the numerous systems negatively impacted, nearly every "presenting complaint" to a healthcare provider may have a congenital metabolic disease as a possible cause, especially in childhood and adolescence.
Insulin also inhibits HMG-CoA lyase, further inhibiting ketone body production. Similarly, cortisol , catecholamines , epinephrine , norepinephrine , and thyroid hormones can increase the amount of ketone bodies produced, by activating lipolysis (the mobilization of fatty acids out of fat tissue ) and thereby increasing the concentration of ...