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Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones.Two main classes of corticosteroids, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including stress response, immune response, and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism ...
Budesonide, sold under the brand name Pulmicort, among others, is a steroid medication. [8] It is available as an inhaler, nebulization solution, pill, nasal spray, and rectal forms. [8] [9] The inhaled form is used in the long-term management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Fluticasone propionate, sold under the brand names Flovent and Flonase among others, is a glucocorticoid steroid medication. [8] When inhaled it is used for the long term management of asthma and COPD. [8] In the nose it is used for hay fever and nasal polyps. [9] [10] It can also be used for mouth ulcers. [11] It works by decreasing inflammation.
In much higher doses, oral or inhaled glucocorticoids are used to suppress various allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. Inhaled glucocorticoids are the second-line treatment for asthma. They are also administered as post-transplantory immunosuppressants to prevent the acute transplant rejection and the graft-versus-host disease.
The rationale behind using inhaled corticosteroids and formoterol combination therapy as a reliever as opposed to salbutamol, a short-acting β2-adrenergic agonist, is that this dosage regimen shows a reduction in the severe asthma exacerbation risk compared with using β2-adrenergic agonists reliever.
Corticosteroids inhibit the inflammatory response to a variety of inciting agents and, it is presumed, delay or slow healing. [15] They inhibit edema , fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, leukocyte migration, capillary proliferation, fibroblast proliferation, deposition of collagen , and scar formation associated with inflammation.