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A quadrat used to measure the percentage cover of certain species. A quadrat is a frame used in ecology, geography, and biology to isolate a standard unit of area for study of the distribution of an item over a large area.
The existence of section lines made property descriptions far more straightforward than the old metes and bounds system. The establishment of standard east-west and north-south lines ("township" and "range lines") meant that deeds could be written without regard to temporary terrain features such as trees, piles of rocks, fences, and the like, and be worded in the style such as "Lying and ...
A quadrant is an instrument used to measure angles up to 90°. Different versions of this instrument could be used to calculate various readings, such as longitude , latitude , and time of day . Its earliest recorded usage was in ancient India in Rigvedic times by Rishi Atri to observe a solar eclipse.
It may be found on many types of instrument measuring linear or angular quantities, but in particular on a vernier caliper, which measures lengths (including internal and external diameters). The vernier is a subsidiary scale replacing a single measured-value pointer, and has for instance ten divisions equal in distance to nine divisions on the ...
Over time, log construction standardized. The shape is a quarter circle, or quadrant with a radius of 5 inches (130 mm) or 6 inches (150 mm), [1] and 0.5 inches (13 mm) thick. [1] The log-line attaches to the board with a bridle of three lines that connect to the vertex and to the two ends of the quadrant's arc.
The median is the most trimmed statistic (nominally 50%), as it discards all but the most central data, and equals the fully trimmed mean – or indeed fully trimmed mid-range, or (for odd-size data sets) the fully trimmed maximum or minimum. Likewise, no degree of trimming has any effect on the median – a trimmed median is the median ...
A transect running across a stream. A transect is a path along which one counts and records occurrences of the objects of study (e.g. plants). [citation needed]It requires an observer to move along a fixed path and to count occurrences along the path and, at the same time (in some procedures), obtain the distance of the object from the path.
Reflecting quadrant derives from the instrument using mirrors to reflect the path of light to the observer and, in doing so, doubles the angle measured. This allows the instrument to use a one-eighth of a turn to measure a quarter-turn or quadrant.