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The passage of civil rights laws in the 1960s also affected Chicago and other northern cities. In the 1960s and the 1970s, many middle- and upper-class Americans continued to move from the city for better housing and schools in the suburbs. Office building resumed in the 1960s.
During the 1880s, 1890s, and early 20th century, Chicago also had an underground radical tradition with large and highly organized socialist, communist, anarchist and labor organizations. [2] The Republicans had their own machine operations, typified by the "blonde boss" William Lorimer , who was unseated by the U.S. Senate in 1912 because of ...
Fred Hampton giving a speech at a rally in Grant Park, Chicago 1969. The 1960s was an era characterized by organization-driven social movements. Chicago was home to organizations like the Illinois Black Panther Party, the Young Lords, the Young Patriots, and later Rising Up Angry. These organizations all sought to address issues like ...
In 1970, Chicago native Frank Collin founded the National Socialist Party of America (NSPA) and purchased a two-story building in Marquette Park which he named "Rockwell Hall". The NSPA had a core membership of a few dozen neighborhood youths, but enjoyed some support from other locals due to their strong opposition to residential integration ...
Operation Breadbasket, in part led by Jesse Jackson, sought to harness African-American consumer power. The Chicago Freedom Movement was the most ambitious civil rights campaign in the Northern United States, lasted from mid-1965 to August 1966, and is largely credited with inspiring the 1968 Fair Housing Act. [3] [4]
Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226238008. Graham, Hugh Davis (1980). "On Riots and Riot Commisions: Civil Disorders in the 1960s" (PDF). Public Historian. 2 (4): 7– 27. doi:10.2307/3377640. JSTOR 3377640. Grimshaw, William J. (1992). Bitter Fruit: Black Politics and the Chicago Machine, 1931-1991. Chicago: University of Chicago ...
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The majority of deaths occurred during the Battle of the Viaduct, where workers threw stones and fired at police who then returned fire. 30+ 100+ May 4, 1886 Labor Haymarket affair - An unknown person threw a dynamite bomb at police during what was an otherwise peaceful rally for striking workers. Police then opened fire on the crowd and in ...