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The Nguyễn dynasty (Vietnamese: Nhà Nguyễn or Triều Nguyễn, chữ Nôm: 茹阮, chữ Hán: 朝阮) was the last Vietnamese dynasty, preceded by the Nguyễn lords and ruling unified Vietnam independently from 1802 until French protectorate in 1883.
Vietnam's ethnic mosaic results from the peopling process in which various peoples came and settled the territory, leading to the modern state of Vietnam by many stages, often separated by thousands of years over a duration of tens of thousands of years. Vietnam's entire history, thus, is an embroidery of polyethnicity. [14]
Map of Vietnam showing the conquest of the south (nam tiến, 1069–1834)Nam tiến (Vietnamese: [nam tǐən]; chữ Hán: 南進; lit. "southward advance" or "march to the south") is a historiographical concept [a] [2] that describes the historic southward expansion of the territory of Vietnamese dynasties' dominions and ethnic Kinh people from the 11th to the 19th centuries.
Champa (Chăm Pa; 占婆) existed as an independent polity until its annexation by the Nguyễn dynasty in 1832 CE, thereby laying the foundation for the territories of the modern Vietnamese state. Most of the rulers of Champa were of Cham descent, an Austronesian ethnic group distinct from the majority Kinh ethnicity of Vietnam.
Socialist Republic of Vietnam Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam (Vietnamese) Flag Emblem Motto: Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc "Independence – Freedom – Happiness" Anthem: Tiến Quân Ca "The Song of the Marching Troops" Show globe Show ASEAN Location of Vietnam (green) in ASEAN (dark grey) Capital Hanoi 21°2′N 105°51′E / 21.033°N 105.850°E / 21. ...
Champa (ca. 11th century) at its greatest extent Between the 2nd and the 15th centuries CE, Champa's territorial extent at times included the modern provinces of Quảng Bình , Quảng Trị , Huế , Da Nang , Quảng Nam , Quảng Ngãi , Bình Định , Phú Yên , Khánh Hòa , Ninh Thuận , and Bình Thuận , [ 140 ] and most of the ...
In March, activists in the North always mentioned Đại Việt (Great Việt), the name used before the 15th century by the Lê dynasty and its predecessors, while those in the South used Vietnam, and the central leaders used An Nam (Peaceful South) or Đại Nam (Great South, which was used by the Nguyễn Lords, precursor of Nguyễn dynasty).
In 820, a Chinese monk named Wu Yantong came to northern Vietnam and founded the second Thiền sect, [170] which lasted until the 13th century. In 1293, Emperor Trần Nhân Tông personally opened a new Thiền school, called Trúc Lâm, [171] which is still active today. Vietnamese Buddhism gained reached its apex during the medieval period ...