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It consists of a biological community that has formed in response to its physical environment and regional climate. [1] In 1935, Tansley added the climatic and soil aspects to the idea, calling it ecosystem. [2] [3] The International Biological Program (1964–74) projects popularized the concept of biome. [4]
The study of the spatial distribution of organisms, species and ecosystems, is the science of biogeography. [73] [74] Diversity consistently measures higher in the tropics and in other localized regions such as the Cape Floristic Region and lower in polar regions generally.
Fens are highly biodiverse ecosystems and often serve as habitats for endangered or rare species, with species composition changing with water chemistry. [2] They also play important roles in the cycling of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus due to the lack of oxygen (anaerobic conditions) in waterlogged organic fen soils.
Eugene Odum, one of the founders of the science of ecology, stated: "Any unit that includes all of the organisms (i.e.: the "community") in a given area interacting with the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles (i.e.: exchange of materials between living ...
Wildfire modeling can also aid in protecting ecosystems, watersheds, and air quality. Using computational science, wildfire modeling involves the statistical analysis of past fire events to predict spotting risks and front behavior. Various wildfire propagation models have been proposed in the past, including simple ellipses and egg- and fan ...
Developing communication that educates science to land managers, policy makers, farmers, and the general public is another important strategy utilized in water conservation. [11] Communication of the science of how water systems work is an important aspect when creating a management plan to conserve that system and is often used for ensuring ...
The earlier term for the discipline was "political economy", but since the late 19th century, it has commonly been called "economics". [22] The term is ultimately derived from Ancient Greek οἰκονομία (oikonomia) which is a term for the "way (nomos) to run a household (oikos)", or in other words the know-how of an οἰκονομικός (oikonomikos), or "household or homestead manager".