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  2. Pearcey integral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearcey_Integral

    The Pearcey integral is a class of canonical diffraction integrals, often used in wave propagation and optical diffraction problems [2] The first numerical evaluation of this integral was performed by Trevor Pearcey using the quadrature formula. [3] [4] Reflective caustic generated from a circle and parallel rays.

  3. File:Dielectric constant as a function of light frequency.pdf

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dielectric_constant...

    Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment; current: 04:12, 27 December 2014: 500 × 429 (78 KB): Mgibby5 {{subst:Upload marker added by en.wp UW}} {{Information |Description = {{en|A schematic plot of the dielectric constant as a function of light frequency showing several resonances and plateaus indicating the activation of certain processes which can re...

  4. Light scattering by particles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_scattering_by_particles

    Light rays enter a raindrop from one direction (typically a straight line from the Sun), reflect off the back of the raindrop, and fan out as they leave the raindrop. The light leaving the raindrop is spread over a wide angle, with a maximum intensity at 40.89–42°.

  5. Inverse scattering problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_scattering_problem

    In mathematics and physics, the inverse scattering problem is the problem of determining characteristics of an object, based on data of how it scatters incoming radiation or particles. [1]

  6. Dispersion (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersion_(optics)

    Their effects can be computed via numerical evaluation of Fourier transforms of the waveform, via integration of higher-order slowly varying envelope approximations, by a split-step method (which can use the exact dispersion relation rather than a Taylor series), or by direct simulation of the full Maxwell's equations rather than an approximate ...

  7. Codes for electromagnetic scattering by spheres - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codes_for_electromagnetic...

    Light scattering by a coated sphere (extinction efficiency, scattering efficiency, light scattering intensity) 2009-2022 Scattnlay: O. Pena, U. Pal, K. Ladutenko [16] C++, Python, and JavaScript: GPLv3 Light scattering from a multilayered sphere based on the algorithm by W Yang. [17] Very robust and stable, slower than Toon and Ackerman.

  8. Numerical aperture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_aperture

    As a pencil of light goes through a flat plane of glass, its half-angle changes to θ 2. Due to Snell's law, the numerical aperture remains the same: NA = n 1 sin θ 1 = n 2 sin θ 2. In optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or ...

  9. Rydberg constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rydberg_constant

    The last expression in the first equation shows that the wavelength of light needed to ionize a hydrogen atom is 4π/α times the Bohr radius of the atom. The second equation is relevant because its value is the coefficient for the energy of the atomic orbitals of a hydrogen atom: E n = − h c R ∞ / n 2 {\displaystyle E_{n}=-hcR_{\infty }/n ...