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Whereas dan grades are awarded for technical ability, there is a parallel shogo system awarding the higher teaching grades of renshi, kyoshi, and hanshi. Renshi and kyoshi are awarded by written examination while hanshi is awarded by election. Although the dan system is distinctly Japanese, it has been adopted by many other martial arts styles.
Renshi (錬士【れんし】): Polished Instructor (skilled person or expert teacher) Awarded to 4th dan and above. Kyōshi (教士【きょうし】) refers to an advanced teacher (senior teacher/expert). Awarded to 6th dan and above. Hanshi (範士【はんし】) refers to a senior expert considered a "teacher of teachers". This title is ...
During his time as a police officer, Nagamine received further instruction in karate from Chotoku Kyan and Motobu Choki, and achieved the title of Renshi in 1940. By 1951, Nagamine was a Police Superintendent, of Motobu, and was training his own officers in karate.
Shorin-ryu Shidokan (小林流志道館, Shōrin-ryū Shidōkan) is the main branch of Shorin-ryū style of Okinawan karate, started by Katsuya Miyahira, Hanshi 10th Dan.. It should not be confused with the newer Japanese Shidōkan (世界空手道連盟士道館 World Karate Association Shidōkan), which was founded by Yoshiji Soeno in 1981, another style of knockdown karate.
Shihan is a Japanese term that is used in many Japanese martial arts as an honorific title for expert or senior instructors. It can be translated as "master instructor". The use of the term is specific to a school or organization, as is the process of b
Matsubayashi-Ryū (松林流), is a style of Okinawan karate founded in 1947 by Shōshin Nagamine (1907–1997) (an Okina Sensei [1]).Its curriculum includes 18 kata, seven two-man yakusoku kumite (pre-arranged sparring) routines, and kobudō (weapons) practice.
Renshi (連詩, renshi, "linked poetry") is a form of collaborative poetry pioneered by Makoto Ōoka in the 1980s. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a development of traditional Japanese renga and renku , but unlike these it does not adhere to traditional strictures on length, rhythm, and diction.
The U.S.A. Yoshukai Karate Association is a karate association headed by Michael G. Foster. Yoshukai is a Japanese karate style adapted from Chitō-ryū by Mamoru Yamamoto. [ 28 ] Foster was originally named the Director of the U.S.A. Yoshukai Karate Association in 1966 by Mamoru Yamamoto, when it was affiliated with the United States Chitō ...