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Turkish grammar (Turkish: Türkçe dil bilgisi), as described in this article, is the grammar of standard Turkish as spoken and written by the majority of people in the Republic of Türkiye. Turkish is a highly agglutinative language , in that much of the grammar is expressed by means of suffixes added to nouns and verbs .
There are nine simple and 20 compound tenses in Turkish. The nine simple tenses are: simple past (di'li geçmiş), inferential past (miş'li geçmiş), present continuous, simple present , future, optative, subjunctive, necessitative ("must") and imperative. [74] There are three groups of compound forms.
[optional in place of period] when the language of the gloss lacks a one-word translation, a phrase may be joined by underscores, e.g., Turkish çık-mak (come_out-INF) "to come out" With some authors, the reverse is also true, for a two-word phrase glossed with a single word. [2] [21] › >, →, :
In grammar, tense is a category that expresses time reference. [1] [2] Tenses are usually manifested by the use of specific forms of verbs, particularly in their conjugation patterns. The main tenses found in many languages include the past, present, and future.
The replacing of loanwords in Turkish is part of a policy of Turkification of Atatürk.The Ottoman Turkish language had many loanwords from Arabic and Persian, but also European languages such as French, Greek, and Italian origin—which were officially replaced with their Turkish counterparts suggested by the Turkish Language Association (Turkish: Türk Dil Kurumu, TDK) during the Turkish ...
Old Turkic had a complex system of tenses, [25] which could be divided into six simple [26] and derived tenses, the latter formed by adding special (auxiliary) verbs to the simple tenses. Old Turkic simple tenses according to M. Erdal 's classification
The Turkish interpreter: or, A new grammar of the Turkish language. Printed for the author. Thomas Vaughan (1709). A Grammar of The Turkish Language. Robinson. William Burckhardt Barker (1854). A practical grammar of the Turkish language: With dialogues and vocabulary. B. Quaritch. William Burckhardt Barker, Nasr-al-Din (khwajah.) (1854).
Turkish vocabulary is the set of words within the Turkish language.The language widely uses agglutination and suffixes to form words from noun and verb stems. Besides native Turkic words, Turkish vocabulary is rich in loanwords from Arabic, Persian, French and other languages.