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The dates of the solstice varies each year and may occur a day earlier or later depending on the time zone. Because the earth's orbit takes slightly longer than a calendar year of 365 days, the solstices occur slightly later each calendar year, until a leap day re-aligns the calendar with the orbit.
In the Roman Empire, the traditional date of the summer solstice was 24 June. [12] In Germanic-speaking cultures, the time around the summer solstice is called 'midsummer'. Traditionally in northern Europe midsummer was reckoned as the night of 23–24 June, with summer beginning on May Day. [13]
The June solstice is the solstice on Earth that occurs annually between 20 and 22 June according to the Gregorian calendar. In the Northern Hemisphere, the June solstice is the summer solstice (the day with the longest period of daylight), while in the Southern Hemisphere it is the winter solstice (the day with the shortest period of daylight).
The length of the December-solstice year has been relatively stable between 6000 BC and AD 2000, in the range of 49 minutes 30 seconds to 50 minutes in excess of 365 days 5 hours. This is longer than the mean year of the Gregorian calendar, which has an excess time of 49 minutes and 12 seconds. Since 2000, it has been growing shorter.
In the ancient Roman calendar, December 25 was the date of the winter solstice. [19] [20] Marcus Terentius Varro wrote in the first century BC that this was regarded as the middle of winter. [21] In the same century, Ovid wrote in the Fasti that the winter solstice is the first day of the "new Sun". [22]
A calendar is a system of organizing days. This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months and years. [1] [2] [3] A date is the designation of a single and specific day within such a system. A calendar is also a physical record (often paper) of such a system.
A calendar date is a reference to a particular day represented within a calendar system. The calendar date allows the specific day to be identified. The number of days between two dates may be calculated. For example, "25 January 2025" is ten days after "15 January 2025". The date of a particular event depends on the observed time zone.
The modern definition using ecliptic longitudes, introduced by the Shixian calendar, is known as 定气法 (dìng qì fǎ, ' steady term method '). Under this method, the determination of solar terms is similar to the astronomical determination of the special cases of equinox and solstice dates, with