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Basic structure of a peroxisome Distribution of peroxisomes (white) in HEK 293 cells during mitosis Peroxisome in rat neonatal cardiomyocyte. A peroxisome (/ p ə ˈ r ɒ k s ɪ ˌ s oʊ m /) [1] is a membrane-bound organelle, a type of microbody, found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. [2] [3] Peroxisomes are oxidative ...
A peroxisome is a type of microbody that functions to help the body break down large molecules and detoxify hazardous substances. It contains enzymes like oxidase, react hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct of its enzymatic reactions. Within the peroxisome, hydrogen peroxide can then be converted to water by enzymes like catalase and peroxidase.
Peroxisome biogenesis factor 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PEX10 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Function
Peroxins serve several functions including the recognition of cytoplasmic proteins that contain peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS) that tag them for transport by peroxisomal proteins to the peroxisome.
PPAR -alpha and -gamma pathways. In the field of molecular biology, the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes. [1]
Peroxisome assembly factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PEX6 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] PEX6 is an AAA ATPase that localizes to the peroxisome . PEX6 forms a hexamer with PEX1 [ 7 ] [ 8 ] and is recruited to the membrane by PEX26 .
The protein is integrated into peroxisome membranes with its C-terminus exposed to the cytosol, and interacts with the cytosolic receptor for proteins containing a PTS1 peroxisomal targeting signal. The protein also functions as a transcriptional corepressor and interacts with a histone deacetylase.
Peroxisomal targeting signal 1 receptor (PTS1R) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PEX5 gene. [5]PTS1R is a peroxisomal targeting sequence involved in the specific transport of molecules for oxidation inside the peroxisome.