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slew rate effect on a square wave: red=desired output, green=actual output In electronics and electromagnetics , slew rate is defined as the change of voltage or current, or any other electrical or electromagnetic quantity, per unit of time.
A CMOS gate draws no current other than leakage when in a steady 1 or 0 state. When the gate switches states, current is drawn from the power supply to charge the capacitance at the output of the gate. This means that the current draw of CMOS devices increases with switching rate (controlled by clock speed, typically).
CMOS inverter (a NOT logic gate). Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS, pronounced "sea-moss ", / s iː m ɑː s /, /-ɒ s /) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions. [1]
A transmission gate (TG) is an analog gate similar to a relay that can conduct in both directions or block by a control signal with almost any voltage potential. [1] It is a CMOS-based switch, in which PMOS passes a strong 1 but poor 0, and NMOS passes strong 0 but poor 1.
The dynamic (switching) power consumption of CMOS circuits is proportional to frequency. [8] Historically, the transistor power reduction afforded by Dennard scaling allowed manufacturers to drastically raise clock frequencies from one generation to the next without significantly increasing overall circuit power consumption.
The switching power dissipated by a chip using static CMOS gates is , where is the capacitance being switched per clock cycle, is the supply voltage, is the switching frequency, [1] and is the activity factor.
In digital electronics, the power–delay product (PDP) is a figure of merit correlated with the energy efficiency of a logic gate or logic family. [1] Also known as switching energy, it is the product of power consumption P (averaged over a switching event) times the input–output delay or duration of the switching event D. [1]
The following is a list of CMOS 4000-series digital logic integrated circuits.In 1968, the original 4000-series was introduced by RCA.Although more recent parts are considerably faster, the 4000 devices operate over a wide power supply range (3V to 18V recommended range for "B" series) and are well suited to unregulated battery powered applications and interfacing with sensitive analogue ...