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The primary function of the pinealocytes is the secretion of the hormone melatonin, important in the regulation of circadian rhythms. [1] In humans, the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus communicates the message of darkness to the pinealocytes, and as a result, controls the day and night cycle. [ 2 ]
Pinealocytes: The pinealocytes consist of a cell body with 4–6 processes emerging. They produce and secrete melatonin. The pinealocytes can be stained by special silver impregnation methods. Their cytoplasm is lightly basophilic. With special stains, pinealocytes exhibit lengthy, branched cytoplasmic processes that extend to the connective ...
Melatonin, an indoleamine, is a natural compound produced by various organisms, including bacteria and eukaryotes. [1] Its discovery in 1958 by Aaron B. Lerner and colleagues stemmed from the isolation of a substance from the pineal gland of cows that could induce skin lightening in common frogs .
In humans, 90% of orally administered exogenous melatonin is cleared in a single passage through the liver, a small amount is excreted in urine, and a small amount is found in saliva. [13] Melatonin is excreted in the urine 2 to 5% as the unchanged drug. [6] [8] Melatonin has an elimination half-life of about 20 to 60 minutes.
A low dose produces melatonin blood levels that are similar to the concentrations naturally produced by nightly pineal secretion. [6] There has been a constant growth in the field of melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists since the 1980s. [57]
Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone produced in the brain’s pineal gland that regulates our circadian rhythm. By acting as our body’s internal clock, it helps us know when to go to bed ...