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Acid catalysis is mainly used for organic chemical reactions. Many acids can function as sources for the protons. Acid used for acid catalysis include hydrofluoric acid (in the alkylation process), phosphoric acid, toluenesulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonate, heteropoly acids, zeolites.
Lewis acid catalysis has been used in the asymmetry-setting step for the syntheses of many natural products. The first reaction shown below, from the synthesis of taxane skeleton, uses a copper-based catalyst supported by a chiral phosphoramidite ligand for a conjugate carbonyl addition reaction. [ 64 ]
Acids used in acid catalysis. Pages in category "Acid catalysts" The following 26 pages are in this category, out of 26 total.
In organic synthesis, PPTS is used as a weakly acidic catalyst, providing an organic soluble source of pyridinium (C 5 H 5 NH +) ions.For example, PPTS is used to deprotect silyl ethers or tetrahydropyranyl ethers when a substrate is unstable to stronger acid catalysts.
Catalysis (/ k ə ˈ t æ l ə s ɪ s /) is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst [1] [2] (/ ˈ k æ t əl ɪ s t /). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. [3]
ILs are liquid salts that have melting points below 100 °C. They exhibit strong acid properties, so they can be used as acid catalysis without using conventional liquid acids. Ionic liquids are salts in liquid state, composed mostly of ions that convert C4 paraffins and other olefins into excellent gasoline-range blending products. [9]
Solid acids are used in catalysis in many industrial chemical processes, from large-scale catalytic cracking in petroleum refining to the synthesis of various fine chemicals. [ 5 ] One large scale application is alkylation , e.g., the combination of benzene and ethylene to give ethylbenzene .
The Monsanto process is an industrial method for the manufacture of acetic acid by catalytic carbonylation of methanol. [1] The Monsanto process has largely been supplanted by the Cativa process, a similar iridium-based process developed by BP Chemicals Ltd, which is more economical and environmentally friendly.