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In order to obtain spatial information about the gamma-ray emissions from an imaging subject (e.g. a person's heart muscle cells which have absorbed an intravenous injected radioactive, usually thallium-201 or technetium-99m, medicinal imaging agent) a method of correlating the detected photons with their point of origin is required.
The power of prognosis from a myocardial perfusion scan is excellent and has been well tested, and this is "perhaps the area of nuclear cardiology where the evidence is most strong". [ 13 ] [ 16 ] Many radionuclides used for myocardial perfusion imaging, including rubidium-82 , technetium-99m and thallium-201 have similar typical effective ...
Sodium iodide (NaI) containing a small amount of thallium is used as a scintillator for the detection of gamma waves and zinc sulfide (ZnS) is widely used as a detector of alpha particles. Zinc sulfide is the material Rutherford used to perform his scattering experiment. Lithium iodide (LiI) is used in neutron detectors.
Scintigraphy (from Latin scintilla, "spark"), also known as a gamma scan, is a diagnostic test in nuclear medicine, where radioisotopes attached to drugs that travel to a specific organ or tissue (radiopharmaceuticals) are taken internally and the emitted gamma radiation is captured by gamma cameras, which are external detectors that form two-dimensional images [1] in a process similar to the ...
Thallium-202 (half-life 12.23 days) can be made in a cyclotron [4] while thallium-204 (half-life 3.78 years) is made by the neutron activation of stable thallium in a nuclear reactor. [ 5 ] In the fully ionized state, the isotope 205 Tl 81+ becomes beta-radioactive, undergoing bound-state β − decay to 205 Pb 81+ with a half-life of 291 +33
A ventilation/perfusion lung scan, also called a V/Q lung scan, or ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy, is a type of medical imaging using scintigraphy and medical isotopes to evaluate the circulation of air and blood within a patient's lungs, [1] [2] in order to determine the ventilation/perfusion ratio.
Similarly, thallium(I) aryl compounds require steric bulk for their isolation. [4] A well-known organothallium(I) species is thallium cyclopentadienide. It arises by treatment of thallium(I) salts, such as thallium sulfate, with cyclopentadiene. Thallium(I) cyclopentadienide adopts a zig-zag chain structure of cyclopentadienide and thallium. [5]
The radioisotope thallium-201 (as the soluble chloride TlCl) is used in small amounts as an agent in a nuclear medicine scan, during one type of nuclear cardiac stress test. Soluble thallium salts (many of which are nearly tasteless) are highly toxic and they were historically used in rat poisons and insecticides. Because of their nonselective ...