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dc: "Desktop Calculator" arbitrary-precision RPN calculator that comes standard on most Unix-like systems. KCalc, Linux based scientific calculator; Maxima: a computer algebra system which bignum integers are directly inherited from its implementation language Common Lisp. In addition, it supports arbitrary-precision floating-point numbers ...
In statistics, the mid-range or mid-extreme is a measure of central tendency of a sample defined as the arithmetic mean of the maximum and minimum values of the data set: [1] M = max x + min x 2 . {\displaystyle M={\frac {\max x+\min x}{2}}.}
Because quantization is a many-to-few mapping, it is an inherently non-linear and irreversible process (i.e., because the same output value is shared by multiple input values, it is impossible, in general, to recover the exact input value when given only the output value).
The two are complementary in sense that if one knows the midhinge and the IQR, one can find the first and third quartiles. The use of the term hinge for the lower or upper quartiles derives from John Tukey 's work on exploratory data analysis in the late 1970s, [ 1 ] and midhinge is a fairly modern term dating from around that time.
If data are placed in order, then the lower quartile is central to the lower half of the data and the upper quartile is central to the upper half of the data. These quartiles are used to calculate the interquartile range, which helps to describe the spread of the data, and determine whether or not any data points are outliers.
One iteration of the middle-square method, showing a 6-digit seed, which is then squared, and the resulting value has its middle 6 digits as the output value (and also as the next seed for the sequence).
Although this problem is difficult for very large lists, sophisticated selection algorithms have been created that can solve this problem in time proportional to the number of elements in the list, even if the list is totally unordered. If the data is stored in certain specialized data structures, this time can be brought down to O(log n).
Algorithm LargestNumber Input: A list of numbers L. Output: The largest number in the list L. if L.size = 0 return null largest ← L[0] for each item in L, do if item > largest, then largest ← item return largest "←" denotes assignment. For instance, "largest ← item" means that the value of largest changes to the value of item.