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ggplot2 is an open-source data visualization package for the statistical programming language R.Created by Hadley Wickham in 2005, ggplot2 is an implementation of Leland Wilkinson's Grammar of Graphics—a general scheme for data visualization which breaks up graphs into semantic components such as scales and layers. ggplot2 can serve as a replacement for the base graphics in R and contains a ...
Stack Overflow is a question-and-answer website for computer programmers. It is the flagship site of the Stack Exchange Network . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It was created in 2008 by Jeff Atwood and Joel Spolsky .
A rug plot of 100 data points appears in blue along the x-axis. (The points are sampled from the normal distribution shown in gray. The other curves show various kernel density estimates of the data.)
Illustration of gradient descent on a series of level sets. Gradient descent is based on the observation that if the multi-variable function is defined and differentiable in a neighborhood of a point , then () decreases fastest if one goes from in the direction of the negative gradient of at , ().
dplyr is an R package whose set of functions are designed to enable dataframe (a spreadsheet-like data structure) manipulation in an intuitive, user-friendly way. It is one of the core packages of the popular tidyverse set of packages in the R programming language. [1]
Stack Overflow has included version control in their annual developer survey [101] in 2015 (16,694 responses), [102] 2017 (30,730 responses), [103] 2018 (74,298 responses) [104] and 2022 (71,379 responses). [15] Git was the overwhelming favorite of responding developers in these surveys, reporting as high as 93.9% in 2022.
PhysicsOverflow was started in April 2014 as a physics-equivalent of MathOverflow by Rahel Knöpfel, a physics PhD at the University of Rostock, high-school student Abhimanyu Pallavi Sudhir, and Roger Cattin, a retired professor of computer science at the University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland. [2]