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Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, or major adverse cardiac events) is a composite endpoint frequently used in cardiovascular research. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Despite widespread use of the term in clinical trials, the definitions of MACE can differ, which makes comparison of similar studies difficult.
Early warning systems are typically designed based on statistical analysis of the degree of variation in any given observation (such as vital signs, consciousness or demographics), and corresponding associations with adverse events (such as ICU admission, cardiac arrest, or death). The most common observations utilised in EWSs to predict ...
The Utstein Style is a set of guidelines for uniform reporting of cardiac arrest.The Utstein Style was first proposed for emergency medical services in 1991. The name derives from a 1990 conference of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Academy of Anesthesiology, the European Society for Intensive Care Medicine, and related national societies, held at the Utstein Abbey on the ...
Cardiogenic shock is a medical emergency resulting from inadequate blood flow to the body's organs due to the dysfunction of the heart. Signs of inadequate blood flow include low urine production (<30 mL/hour), cool arms and legs, and decreased level of consciousness. People may also have a severely low blood pressure and heart rate.
There was a significant mechanism of injury (for example, a high-speed car accident, falls >20 ft); OR; The patient has an altered mental status; OR; The medical responder suspects that the patient has multi-systems trauma; If NONE of these criteria are met, the medical provider may go through a slower or more focused trauma assessment. [3]
Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is the resumption of a sustained heart rhythm that perfuses the body after cardiac arrest. It is commonly associated with significant respiratory effort. Signs of return of spontaneous circulation include breathing, coughing, or movement and a palpable pulse or a measurable blood pressure.
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Rarely, a cardiac bulge with a pace different from the pulse rhythm can be felt on precordial examination. Various abnormalities can be found on auscultation, such as a third and fourth heart sound, systolic murmurs, paradoxical splitting of the second heart sound, a pericardial friction rub and rales over the lung. [8] [9]: 1450