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The earliest documented planing sailboat was a proa built in 1898 by Commodore Ralph Munroe. It was capable of speeds of more than twice the hull speed. [citation needed] Planing a sailing dinghy was first popularised by Uffa Fox in Britain. In 1928 Fox introduced planing to the racing world in his International 14 dinghy, Avenger. That year he ...
Such hull forms are commonly used by canoes, competitive rowing boats, catamarans, and fast ferries. For example, racing kayaks can exceed hull speed by more than 100% even though they do not plane. Heavy boats with hulls designed for planing generally cannot exceed hull speed without planing.
Planing hull: here, the planing hull form is configured to develop positive dynamic pressure so that its draft decreases with increasing speed. The dynamic lift reduces the wetted surface and therefore also the drag. Such hulls are sometimes flat-bottomed, sometimes V-bottomed and more rarely, round-bilged.
A planing hull, sitting down at the stern, would lose speed when a big wave slapped against the hull. The displacement hull tends to stay more level and "plow through" the wave. This hull shape was further developed as a torpedo boat (later called Schnellboot) of the Reichsmarine or German Navy.
A planing hull simply pushed down on the water under it, so it resonates with a wave that has a trough under it. If it has about twice the length it will therefore have only square root (2) or 1.4 times the speed. In practice most planing hulls usually move much faster than that.
Such a hull has a maximum "hull speed" which is a function of its waterline length. An exception is the catamaran, whose twin hulls are usually so fine that they do not engender a bow wave. Planing hulls: planing hulls have a shape that allows the boat to rise out of the water as the speed increases. Sail boats that plane are typical V-shaped ...
Recent developments include hulls that rely on hydrofoils or planing hulls, which allow the hull to lift out of the water, and thereby increases speed by reducing friction. An example of a multihull hydrofoil design is the Hydroptère , designed by Alain Thébault .
According to Bethwaite, having made comparative measurements in a true wind of 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph), a displacement Soling can achieve speeds slightly higher than the true wind and sail 30° off the apparent wind, whereas a planing 18ft Skiff achieves speeds of almost 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) at an apparent wind of 20° and an iceboat ...