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Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis or cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), is the presence of a blood clot in the dural venous sinuses (which drain blood from the brain), the cerebral veins, or both.
The empty delta sign is a radiologic sign seen on brain imaging which is associated with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.It is usually seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans with contrast.
Current evidence supports transverse-sigmoid sinus junction dural malformations are acquired defects, occurring in response to thrombosis and collateral revascularization of a venous sinus. [ 6 ] [ 1 ] [ 7 ]
It is believed to be associated with various factors including anatomical abnormalities, thrombosis, posture, and increased intracranial pressure. [ 3 ] The obstruction can occur in any part of the venous system involved in draining blood from the brain, like vertebral venous system (VVS) or cerebral venous sinus (CVS), but it is most commonly ...
The confluence of sinuses shows significant variation. [1] Most commonly, there is a continuous connection between all of the sinuses. [1] [2] A very common variant is the superior sagittal sinus only draining into the right transverse sinus - more rarely, it may also only drain into the left transverse sinus.
The transverse sinuses are of large size and begin at the internal occipital protuberance; one, generally the right, being the direct continuation of the superior sagittal sinus, the other of the straight sinus. Each transverse sinus passes lateral and forward, describing a slight curve with its convexity upward, to the base of the petrous ...
The walls of the dural venous sinuses are composed of dura mater lined with endothelium, a specialized layer of flattened cells found in blood and lymph vessels.They differ from other blood vessels in that they lack a full set of vessel layers (e.g. tunica media) characteristic of arteries and veins.
Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is the formation of a blood clot within the cavernous sinus, a cavity at the base of the brain which drains deoxygenated blood from the brain back to the heart. This is a rare disorder and can be of two types–septic cavernous thrombosis and aseptic cavernous thrombosis. [ 1 ]