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The original schedule saw all projects where a delivery date had been specified completed by March 2017; at that point in time just three of the seventeen projects had been completed (the Bus Interchange was the second project (May 2015) to be finished, and the Earthquake Memorial the third project in February 2017). [67]
Earthquake or seismic performance defines a structure's ability to sustain its main functions, such as its safety and serviceability, at and after a particular earthquake exposure. A structure is normally considered safe if it does not endanger the lives and well-being of those in or around it by partially or completely collapsing.
In the (low seismicity) United Kingdom, for example, it has been calculated that the average recurrences are: an earthquake of 3.7–4.6 every year, an earthquake of 4.7–5.5 every 10 years, and an earthquake of 5.6 or larger every 100 years. [43] This is an example of the Gutenberg–Richter law.
A science fair or engineering fair is an event hosted by a school that offers students the opportunity to experience the practices of science and engineering for themselves. In the United States, the Next Generation Science Standards makes experiencing the practices of science and engineering one of the three pillars of science education.
Earthquakes (6.0+ M w) between 1900 and 2017 Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle.They range from weak events detectable only by seismometers, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history.
This initiated an extended shutdown for structural inspection which indicated that a greater earthquake-proofing was needed before operation could be resumed. [11] On May 9, 2009, one unit (Unit 7) was restarted, after the seismic upgrades. The test run had to continue for 50 days.
An extension of the same idea for seismic retrofitting has been experimentally tested for seismic retrofit of California bridges under a Caltrans research project [12] and for seismic retrofit of non-ductile reinforced concrete frames. [13] Pre-stressing can increase the capacity of structural elements such as beam, column and beam-column joints.
Earthquake modification techniques and modern building codes are designed to prevent total destruction of buildings for earthquakes of no greater than 8.5 on the Richter Scale. [4] Although the Richter Scale is referenced, the localized shaking intensity is one of the largest factors to be considered in building resiliency.